The political turmoil in Russia has become a global highlight, creating widespread uncertainty at domestic and international levels. Some of the main factors contributing to this chaos include the economic crisis, political repression, as well as military conflict, especially with Ukraine. The situation is exacerbated by the aggressive foreign policy implemented by President Vladimir Putin’s government. One of the main drivers of the chaos is the long-running conflict in Ukraine, starting in 2014 with Russia’s annexation of Crimea. These actions triggered heavy international sanctions, hampered Russia’s economic growth and sparked domestic anger. Many Russians felt the direct impact of the economic crisis, with inflation skyrocketing and the value of the ruble eroding. Domestically, the Russian government implemented a strategy of repression against political opposition. Most opposition figures, such as Alexei Navalny, have been arrested, tried or exiled, creating an atmosphere of fear that silences voices opposing the government. Independent media were suppressed, leading to restricted dissemination of information and leaving many citizens with a distorted understanding of the political situation. Social conditions in Russia are getting worse due to authoritarian government policies. Repressive measures such as blocking websites, punishing protesters, and deepening internet surveillance create a sense of pessimism among young people. Many of them feel they do not have a bright future, triggering migration to other countries in search of better opportunities. Russian civil society is also experiencing major challenges. Non-governmental organizations face tight restrictions, with many forced to operate in the shadows or even disband. This reduces their effectiveness in fighting for human rights and political transparency. Additionally, demographic changes and the COVID-19 pandemic add complex layers to the political turmoil. Population aging and mass migration have left a number of gaps in various sectors, while the management of the pandemic is considered one of the government’s failures by most citizens. This frustration has the potential to trigger a new wave of protests in the future. This domestic tension is in line with the government’s increasingly defensive attitude towards foreign criticism. Provocative policies on the international stage, such as intervention in Syria and support for separatist groups, created further tensions with Western countries. This could further isolate Russia diplomatically. The remaining opposition parties are trying to form a coalition and respond to this condition despite major challenges. Under pressure, they are trying to create an inclusive platform to attract more support from various segments of society, even though the prospects for political change in the short term appear bleak. Against this background, political chaos in Russia is not only a problem for the country itself, but also has the potential to have wider impacts on European stability and global security. Continued uncertainty could lead Russia to become more risky and aggressive in foreign policy, while domestically, popular unrest could lead to an unexpected social explosion.